Karakterisasi Zingiberaceae

  

      Zingiberaceae memiliki karakter habitus terna perenial dengan rimpang yang mengandung minyak atsiri. Berbagai penelitan telah dilakukan terhadap metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh jenis-jenis tanaman yang masuk dalam famili Zingiberaceae. Hasil beberapa penelitian terhadap kandungan bahan aktif tanaman Zingiberaceae menunjukan bahwa dalam rimpang nya mengandung senyawa antiradang, antikanker, antitumor, antimikrobia, anti bakteri, dan berabagai khasiat dalam penyembuhan beberapa penyakit. Jenis dari famili ini banyak yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional berupa jamu yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan tubuh. 

      Sebagai lembaga konservasi, Kebun Raya Purwodadi mengkoleksi berbagai jenis tumbuhan dari Famili Zingiberaceae. Setidaknya terdapat 64 Nomor koleksi Zingiberaceae di Kebun Raya Purwodadi, dengan genus Curcuma, Alpinia, Elettaria, Kaempferia, Zingiber, Hedychium, dan Nicolaia.  Berikut merupakan peta koleksi Zingiberaceae di Kebun Raya Purwodadi.

        Sebanyak 42 nomor koleksi zingiberaceae merupakan koleksi yang belum teridentifikasi. Karakterisasi dasar diperlukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tersebut. Katakrterisasi kimia juga diperlukan untuk mengetahui kandungan bahan aktif dalam setipa rhizome. Informasi dasar ini dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui potensi bahan aktif dari setiap jenis.

Koleksi Zingiberaceae Kebun Raya Purwodadi

Beberapa Bunga Zigiberaceae

Inventory of Flora Diversity in Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara

To be complete, you can send me email in 
triman.bios08@gmail.com

 Pandanus tectorius Population in Moyo Island Forest

 

Moyo Island lies between 809'36 ​​"- 8023'19" LS and 117027'45 "- 117035'42" BT. Based Agriculture Decree at  October 23, 1972, Number 501/Kpts/Um/197,  Moyo Island designated as a conservation area in 1973 and carried out regional boundaries with an area of ​​18 765 hectare of forest. Moyo Island region is administratively located in Sumbawa Besar, Labuan Padas district, West Nusa Tenggara. State geography of Moyo Island is lowland with a maximum altitude of 600 m above sea level. State of sandy soil texture with soil type mediteranean. nutrient-poor soil due to rapid soil permeability and cause leaching soil when it rains. Average rainfall is 1260 mm/years.  Environmental factors and climate in the Moyo Island is similar Botanical Purwodadi. Altitude is no more than 600 m sea level, and low rainfall, lowland areas and dry. Temperature range 29-31 ⁰C, soil pH ranged from 4.8 to 6.2, humadity ranging between 70-90% and light intensity ranged from 4300-131.000 lux meter (Trimanto et al, 2013).  

 Moyo Island forest

 The Moyo islanddiversity  is not really known. Several trees have been observed where they are Eugenia sp (maja), Planchonia valida (putat),  Tectona grandis (jati), Schleicera oleosa (kesaming), Lagerstroemia speciosa (bungir), Tamarindus indica (bage), Neonauclea calycina ( tempoa benong) Ficus superba (beringin), Hibiscus sp (Waru laut), Streblus asper (pelas). In this forest are found some terrains and grasses  like Imperata cylindrica (lalang) and Lantana camara (samamung). In this forest are also found orchid and epiphytic plant (Simbolon, 1973). There are 140 accession numbers of plant was collected from Moyo Island forest, its consist of 123 accession numbers of general collection (non-orchid) and  17 accession numbers  of orchid collection. 

  Table 1. Plant collection in Moyo Island Forest

Category	List of accession plant (species)
General collection (Non-Orchid)	Hoya verticilata (Vahl) G.Don, Hoya elliptica Hook.f., Tetrameles nudifora R.Br, Flagellaria indica L,  Clausena excavata Burm.f., Alstonia spectabilis R.Br., Brucea javanica (L). Mer, Euphorbiaceae, Picrasma javanivca Blume, Dioscorea hispida Denst, Canarium litorale Blume, Dyctineura obtusa blume, Pterocymbium sp, Capparis sp, Breynia racemosa  (Blume) Mull.Arg, Aglaia sp, Lygodium flexuosum (L) Sw, Dyxoxylum sp, Polyalthia sp, Ervatamia sp, Passilora sp, Scleria levis Retz, Pandanus tectorius Parkinson ex Du Roi, Syzygium gracilis (Korth) Amsh., Dyctineura obtusa blume, Mucuna gigantea  (Wild Dc), Dyxoxylum Cauliflorum Hiern, Uvaria cf rufa Blume, Baringtonia racemosa (L) Spreng, Sapindus rarak Dc, Dioscorea penthaphylla var Palmata, Piper sp, Buchanania arborencens (Blume), Phyllanthus sp, Macaranga tanarius (L) Mull.Arg, Capparis sepiaria/micrantha var fischeri (Pax) Dewolf, Euphorbiaceae, Adeina heterophylla (Bl) Kord, Capparis cantoniensisi Lour, Fabaceae, Celtis phillipinensis Blanco, Drypetes neglecta (kord) Pax & K hofm, Aglaia argentea Blume, Pseudocanarus macrophyllus (Poepp) Radlk, Tacca leuntopetaloides (L) Kunze, Dalbergia junghuhnii Benth, Psychotria sp, Derris multiflora Benth, Mallotus moritzianus Mull.Arg, Zingiber sp, Clerodendrum chinense  (Osbeck) Mabb Syn, Clerodendrum fragrans Wild, Acanthaceae, Canarium litorale Blume, Homalomena pendula (Blume ) Bakh.f, Pteris sp, Cycas rumphii Miq., Epipremnum pinnatum L. Engl Syn Raphidophora pinnata (L.f) Schot, Dracaena angustifolia (medik) Roxb,  Pleomele angustifolia (Medik) N.Br, Amorphophallus paenofolious Dennst nicolson, Adiantum caudatum, Cissus javana DC, Tacca palmata Blume, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott, Begonia sp, Adenanthera microspema Teijsm, Antiaris toxicaria Lesch., Hymenodyctyon excelsum (Roxb) Wall, Diospyros sp, Exocarpos latifolia R.Br, Bridelia stipularis (L) Blume, Timonius sp, Sapindaceae, Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C.B Roxb, Calophyllum soulattri Burm f, Diplospora sp, Gymnema sp, Schefflera elliptica Blume Harms, Buchanania arborencens (Blume), Amphineuron marginatumRoxb D.J.Midleton, Uvaria littoralis Blume, Abelmoschus moschatus Medik, Asplenium sp, Drynaria quercifolia  (L.) J. S, Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chr,. Aglaia lawii(Weight) C.J. Saldanha, Clerodendrum sp, Schoutenia ovata Korth, Clerodendrum paniculatum L., Syzygium gracilis (Korth) Amsh. Memecylon edule Roxb, Buchanania arborencens (Blume,  Clausena excavata Burm.f., Piper retrofractum Vahl, Ficus sp, Uvaria javana Dunal, Gigantochloa sp, Bambusa sp, Pittosporum moluccanum Miq, Diospyros malabarica (Desr) Koestl, Baringtonia sp, Palaquium rostratum (Miq) Burck, Abrus precatorius L., Baringtonia racemosa (L) Spreng, Piper retrofractum, Dioscorea bulbifera L, Sandoricum koecjape (Burm)f, Elatostema rostratum (Blume) Hassk, Bauhinia purpurea L, Casearia grwifolia Vent, Syzygium gracilis (Korth) Amsh., Syzygium sp, Dioscorea sp, Alstonia macrophylla Wall ex G.Don, Dioscorea sp2.
Orchid collection	Vanda  Limbata Blume, Vanda sp, Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr, Nervilia aragoana Gaodich, Calanthe  triplicata (Willemet) Ames, Eulophia spectabilis (Desnnst) Suresh, Oberionia iridifolia Lindl, Malaxis latifolia. Corymborkis sp, Eria sp, Pteroceras javanica, Dendrobium sp, Habenaria sp, Phreathia sp.

 Flora Collection of Moyo Island

 

Inventory and Research of Flora in Bawean Island East Java

Bawean Island is located between of Kalimantan and East Java. Bawean island is located in the 5404'-5046 'and 112030' LS-112 050' BT. In the administrative area, Bawean including Gresik, East Java Province. Bawean Island area topography is hilly, mountainous and bumpy. Slope between 5-75%. The island consists of two districts, yiatu Sangkapura with 17 villages and 13 village ponds. The population is 36 171 and 49 192 people in Pond Life at Sangkapura (District of Pond and Sangkapura in figures, 2011).

Bawean Island can be reached by fast boat Marine Express. The journey starts from the Port of Gresik to Bawean Island takes around 3 hours. Express Bahari ship departure schedule from the Port of Gresik to Bawean is on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Departure time is 09.00 pm boat. At 08.00 pm the passengers are required to have checked in at the port. Passengers are divided into three classes, namely VIP, Executive and Economy with a ticket price of about Rp. 140,000 - Rp. 180,000. While the Maritime Express fast boat schedule from Bawean Island to the Gresik is Monday, Wednesday and Saturday. Hours of departure is at 09.00 am. An hour before departure diahurskan passengers already checked this in the Port of Bawean.

Kastoba Lake Mount Forest

Hutan Gunung Bawean Island, East Java

Research tree vegetation in Bawean Island Nature Reserve interesting to do. The location of the island between Borneo and Java shows that this area has a unique biogeography. This study aimed to obtain data on the floristic diversity of flora in Bawean Island Nature Reserve.

Bawean island is a small island in the north of the province of East Java is known to have a primary forest ecosystem and mountain rain forests are still natural. The existence of species Bawean Deer (Axis kuhlii) and the Red-bodied Swallowtail butterfly species coon sub.sp sangkapurae (Maurizio, 1992 and Vincen 2004) which is a species endemic to the island of Bawean can be one indicator of the high level of endemism and speciation genetic biodiversity of the island. Bawean Island Nature Reserve consists of two functions: a Sanctuary with an area of 3836.6 ha and a nature reserve with an area of 725 hectares (Minister of Agriculture, 1979). Regional topography and Wildlife Bawean Island Nature Reserve is a hilly, mountainous and bumpy. Slope between 5-75%. because of its mountainous location, each region have the name of the mountain itself. The height of the area ranges from 100-600 m above sea level. The observation altitude, is the highest peak in Lumut Mountain Forest is 687 m above sea level. Berdasalkan measurement result of environmental factors on forest area shows that the temperature range between 29-310C, and humidity ranges from 70-95%. The state of temperature and humidity, indicating that the various habitus plants can live in this forest. mountainous location makes each region have the name of the mountain itself. The observation altitude, is the highest peak in Lumut Mountain Forest is 572 m above sea level

Natural Resources Conservation Area divides the flora in Bawean in four categories: Woody Plants. Plant species include: Symplocos adenophylla, Eugenia lepidocarpa, Dracontomelon mangiferum, Nauclea sp, Radermachera gigantea, Canarium aspermum, Irvingia malayana, Calophyllum saigonense. Both are grasses that include: lantana camara, Gleichenia lenearis, Lygodium circinatum, Merremia peltata. The third is a secondary forest ecosystems whose contents are Ficus variegata, Ficus sp (Satiety-full), Anthocephalus indicus. Dalah final production forests: Tectona grandis and Swietenia microphylla. Forests in the area of debt divided Pualu Bawean Mount (Ahmad, 2011). Based on the type of forest habitat in the Bawean deer is divided into 4 types: primary forest, secondary forest, scrubland and teak forest mixed forest (Djuwantoko and Danang, 2005).

The mountainous location making each region have the name of the mountain itself. The height of the area ranges from 100-600 m above sea level. The observation altitude, is the highest peak in Lumut Mountain Forest is 572 m above sea level. Berdasalkan measurement result of environmental factors on forest area shows that the temperature ranges between 29-310C, soil pH ranged from 4.8 to 6.2, ranging between 70-95% humidity and light intensity ranging between 1020-93500 lux meter. The observations show that this type of forest in a nature reserve is lowland mountain forests. Daaran highest peak is the mountain moss forest with an altitude of 572 m above sea level.

Unit Plant Conservation Center Purwodadi Botanic Gardens as an ex-situ conservation of flora institutions, focusing conservation activities herbs berhabitat in lowland dry. In 2014 has carried out activities in the collecting and study of flora Bawean Island. The island is a unique area because the location of the island between Borneo and Java. Activities focused on collecting flora plant species that are new to the collection Purwodadi Botanical Gardens while the research activities carried out is an inventory of flora, vegetation analysis, carbon stocks, and the study of ethnobotany. For 9 days, inventory and research activities of the flora in the Nature Reserve and Wildlife Bawean. This activity is carried out by 12 people divided into two teams (Team I and Team II) with a total of 6 people per team personnel of his. Recorded about 118 numbers, 260 specimens consisting of 52 families that were collected by the first team and 79 numbers, 283 specimens consisting of 36 families were collected by Team II were collected from Bawean Island.

Tree species that are new to the Purwodadi Botanic Garden collection is Irvingia malayana, Fragaea fragans, Garcinia dioica, Garcinia parviflora. Some tree species have not been identified to species level As Myristica sp, Derris sp, Syzygium sp etc. Irvingia malayana have fruit favored by Axis kuhlii (deer endemic) in Bawean. This species also dominate the forest area. Type a new collection of bulbous plants such Tacca leontopetaloides, Amorphophallus muelleri, Amorphophallus blumeii. Type the root crops are collected material tuber. Other bulbous plant species is Dioscorea sp 3 types of material collected by bulbils (frog). Type collected herbs including Piper sp, Cissus javana, sp Alocasia, Colocasia sp, Begonia sp. Type Colocasia and Alocasia is also expected New collection for gardens Purwodadi. Types of ferns that were collected include Blechnum orientale, Angipteris evecta, Cyathea sp, sp Tectaria and two types of collection nail unknown type. Two types of Freitcinetia sp and Podocarpus sp types expected new collection for Purwodadi Botanical Gardens. Some plant collections already owned Botanical Purwodadi but because of the number only stay one collection or the collection does not come from Bawean Island and considered necessary addition to the collection of certain species, such as Ficus padana, Drypetes neglecta, Aglaia lawii, Orophea enneandra etc.

Flora Collection in Bawean Island

Me and Team in Lumut Mount Forest

Hoya Collection and orchid on the island of Bawean is also quite diverse. Collected about 4 numbers Hoya. and the some kind of Dischidia. Orchid collection consists of two groups: the epiphytic orchids or orchid that lives by attaching to other trees or orchids and terrestrial orchids that live in soil. Types of ground orchids that were collected include Nervilia aragoana, Habenaria sp and Nervilia sp. Types of ground orchids collected with the soil for several species of orchids in symbiosis with soil microbes in the soil. Epiphytic orchid species that were collected include Aerides odorata, Cymbidium aloifolium, Dendrobium bracteosum, Rhynchostylis retusa, Taeniophyllum bicuspidatum, Bulbophyllum and Phalaenopsis amabilis condylobulbon. Unidentified species of orchids are Malaxis sp, Dendrobium sp, sp Geodorum, Eria sp. The presence of epiphytic orchids and orchid soil in the area of the nature reserve and wildlife refuges Bawean Island is quite diverse. The inventory results illustrate how rich diversity of flora that we have. Through the study of this flora inventory, it was composed of scientific documentation and data related Bioresources diversity of plants in the island of Bawean. These activities also played a role in protecting and saving the Indonesian Biodiversity is an asset of the present and future of the nation